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Layout Engineering

Chapter I

A Conceptual View of the Process Plant Layout

1.1

Introduction

1.2

Major Categories

1.2.1	Operations
1.2.2	Fabrication and Erection
1.2.3	Maintenance
1.2.4	Safety
1.2.5	Economics
1.2.6	Aesthetics
1.2.7	Expansion
1.2.8	Geographical Factors

1.3

Material Movement

1.3.1	Plant Operations
1.3.2	Fabrication and Erection Work
1.3.3	Maintenance
1.3.4	Safety
1.3.5	Economics
1.3.6	Aesthetics
1.3.7	Expansion
1.3.8	Geographical Factors

1.4

Machine (Equipment) Movements

1.5

Plan Operations

1.5.1	Fabrication and Erection
1.5.2	Maintenance
1.5.3	Safety
1.5.4	Economics
1.5.5	Aesthetics
1.5.6	Expansion
1.5.7	Geographical Factors
1.5.8	Man Movements

1.6

Operations

1.6.1	Fabrication and Erection
1.6.2	Maintenance
1.6.3	Safety
1.6.4	Economics
1.6.5	Aesthetics
1.6.6	Expansion
1.6.7	Geographical Factors

Summing Up

Self-assessment

Chapter II

Various Considerations in Equipment Layout in the Equipment and Plot Plan

2.1

Introduction

2.2

Major Consideration in Plant Layout

2.2.1	Encomic
2.2.2	Safety
2.2.3	Proccess
2.2.4	Operational
2.2.5	MaIntenace
2.2.6	Constructional
2.2.7	Apperance: Aesthetic
2.2.8	Futere Expansion

2.3

Buildings

2.4

Techniques for Layout

2.5

Details of Techniques for Layout

2.6

Layout Analogues

2.7

Computers

2.8

Concept of the Plant Layout

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter III

Compressors and the Compressed Air System

3.1

Intorduction

3.1.1	Compressed Air Usage
3.1.2	Costing of Compressed Air (Example)

3.2

Units of Air Flow

3.3

Compressors

3.3.1	Two Main Types of Air Compressors are
3.3.2	Following Are the Three Main Types of the Compressors Used in Indian Industry

3.4

Contaminants in Compressed Air Lines

3.5

Accessories in Compressed Air System

3.5.1	Intercoolers and Aftercoolers
3.5.2	Pulsation Vessels/Dampners
3.5.3	Moisture Separator and Oil Separators
3.5.4	Air Dryer
3.5.5	Air Receiver
3.5.6	Air Filter

3.6

Compressor House and Piping Layout

3.7

Suction Piping for Air Compressors

3.8

Discharge Piping for Air Compressors

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter IV

Cooling Water System Contents

4.1

Types of Cooling Water Systems

4.1.1	Open System
4.1.2	Closed System
4.1.3	Mixed System

4.2

Heat Transfer

4.3

Heat Flow

4.4

Water Circulation

4.5

Temperatures

4.6

Construction Features of Engine Parts Requiring Cooling

4.6.1	Cylinders
4.6.2	Cylinder Heads
4.6.3	Trunk Pistons
4.6.4	Barrel Pistons

4.7

Direct or Raw Water Cooling

4.8

Circulation

4.9

Evaporative Cooling

4.10

Radiators

4.10.1

Vapour Phase Cooling

4.11

Cooling Equipment

4.12

Water Pumps

4.13

Piping

4.14

Expansion Tank

4.15

Soft Water Cooler

4.16

Heat Exchangers

4.17

Pressure

4.18

Radiator Units

4.19

Water Softeners

4.20

Raw water Cooling

4.21

Atmospheric Cooling Towers

4.22

Cooling Controls

4.23

Bimetallic Coil

4.24

Cylinder and Piston

4.25

Safety Devices

4.26

Alarm

4.27

Automatic Stop Device

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter V

Piping for Steam Distribution Contents

5.1

Introduction

5.2

Steam Distribution

5.2.1	Typical Steam Distribution System
5.2.2	Line Size for Steam Pipe
5.2.3	The Following Pages Contain Discussion on Following

5.3

Resistance of Valves and Fittings to Flow of Fluids

5.4

Economic Velocity for Deciding Line Size

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter VI

Gas Turbines Contents
6.1	Introduction
6.2	Applications of the Gas Turbine
	Summing up
	Self-assessment

Chapter VII

Tower Contents

7.1

Introduction

7.2

The Distillation Progress

7.2.1	Batch Shell
7.2.2	Continuous Shell
7.2.3	Fractional Distillation

7.3

Drawing

7.4

Vapour and Liquid Flow

7.5

Types of Towers

7.6

Design Consideration for Towers

7.7

Tower Elevation and Support

7.8

Tower Internals

7.9

Nozzle Elevation and Orientation

7.10

Platform Arrangements

7.11

Tower Piping

7.12

Tower Instruments

7.13

Maintenance

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter VIII

Traced and Jacketed Piping Contents
8.1	Traced Lines
8.2	External Traer Lines
8.3	Clip on Tracers
8.4	Welded Tracers
8.5	Heat Conducting Paste
8.6	Insulation
8.7	Sizing of Exteranal Tracers
8.8	Jacketed Lines
8.9	External Tracers
8.10	Expansion
8.11	Steam Distribution
8.12	Steam Trapping
8.13	Importain – Getting Rid of the Muck
8.14	Sequence of Fabrication of Jacketted Piping – Steps Involved
	Summing up
	Self-assessment

Chapter IX

Design Consideration for Tank Farm Contents
9.1	Tank Foundations
9.2	Base Plate Laying
9.3	Base Plate Welding
9.4	Shell Erection
9.5	Vacuum Box Test and Radiography
9.6	Roof Structure and Roof Plate Erection
9.7	Tank Appurtenances
9.8	Tank Cleaning
9.9	Tank Testing
9.10	Storage of Petroleum Products
	Summing up
	Self-assessment

Chapter X

Fire Fighting System Contents

10.1

Introduction

10.2

Ignition Sources

10.3

What is Fire?

10.4

Flash Point

10.5

Chemical Explosion

10.6

Mechanical Explosion

10.7

Fire Protection Facilities

10.8

Types of Fire Protection Facilities

10.8.1

Internal Appliances

10.9

Fire Water Supply

10.10

Pumps

10.11

Capacity for Hydrant System

10.12

Fixed Foam System

Summing up

Self-assessment

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