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Genral Aspects of Energy Mgt and Energy Audit
Chapter I
Energy Scenario
1.1 Energy Scenario
1.2 Primary and Secondary Energy
1.3 Commercial Energy and Non-Commercial Energy
 
1.3.1 Commercial Energy
1.3.2 Non-Commercial Energy
1.4 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
1.5 Renewable Energy Resources
 
1.5.1 Bio-mass
1.5.2 Bagasse as Bio-Mass
1.5.3 Wind Energy
1.5.4 Hydro Energy
1.5.5 Solar Energy
 
1.5.5.1 Photovoltaic Cells
1.5.5.2 PV System(Solar)
1.6 Tidal Energy
1.7 Geothermal Energy
1.8 Global Primary Energy Reserves
 
1.8.1 Coal
1.8.2 Oil
1.8.3 Gas
1.9 Global Primary Energy Consumption
1.10 Indian Energy Scenario
 
1.10.1 Energy Supply
1.11 Final Energy Consumption
1.12 Sector-wise Energy Consumption in India
1.13 Energy Needs of a Growing Economy
1.14 Per Capita Energy Consumption
 
1.14.1 Energy Intensity
1.15 Long Term Energy Scenario-India
 
1.15.1 Coal Energy Scenario
1.15.2 Oil
1.15.3 Natural Gas
1.15.4 Electricity
1.16 Energy Pricing in India
 
1.16.1 Coal
1.16.2 Oil
1.16.3 Natural Gas
1.16.4 Electricity
1.17 Energy Sector Reforms
 
1.17.1 Coal
1.17.2 Oil and Natural Gas
1.17.3 Electricity
1.18 The Electricity Act, 2003
 
1.18.1 The Salient Features of the Electricity Act, 2003 are
1.19 Energy and Environment
 
1.19.1 Air Pollution
1.20 Global Warming and Climate Change
1.21 What Do Humans Do that Increases Atmospheric CO
1.22 Acid Rain
1.23 Energy Security
1.24 Energy Conservation and its Importance
1.25 What is Energy Conservation?
1.26 Energy Strategy for the Future
 
1.26.1 Immediate-termStrategy
1.26.2 Medium-termStrategy
1.26.3 Long-termStrategy
1.26.4 Enhancing Energy Efficiency
1.27 The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and its Features
 
1.27.1 Policy Framework -Energy Conservation Act, 2001
1.27.2 Standards and Labelling
1.27.3 Designated Consumers
1.27.4 Certification of Energy Managers and Accreditation of Energy Auditing Firms
1.27.5 Energy Conservation Building Codes
1.27.6 Central Energy Conservation Fund
1.28 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
 
1.28.1 Role of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
1.29 Role of Central and State Governments
1.30 Enforcement through Self-Regulation
1.31 Penalties and Adjudication
 
Chapter II
Basics of Energy and its Various Forms
2.1 Definition
2.2 Various Forms of Energy
 
2.2.1 Potential Energy
2.2.2 Chemical Energy
2.2.3 Nuclear Energy
2.2.4 Stored Mechanical Energy
2.2.5 Gravitational Energy
2.3 Kinetic Energy
2.4 Radiant Energy
2.5 Thermal Energy
2.6 Motion
2.7 Sound
2.8 Electrical Energy
2.9 Energy Conversion
2.10 Grades of Energy
 
2.10.1 High-grade Energy
2.10.2 Low-grade Energy
2.11 Electrical Energy Basics
 
2.11.1 Directional (Direct) Current
2.11.2 Alternating Current
2.12 Power Factor
 
2.12.1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
2.13 Electricity Tariff
 
2.13.1 Billing Demand
2.13.2 MaximumDemand
2.13.3 Calculation of Electric Bill for a Company
2.13.4 Contract Demand
2.13.5 Prediction of Load
2.13.6 PF Measurement
2.13.7 Time Of Day (TOD) Tariff
2.13.8 Three Phase AC Power Measurement
2.13.9 Motor Loading Calculation
2.14 Thermal Energy Basics
 
2.14.1 Temperature and Pressure
2.14.2 Temperature
2.14.3 Pressure
2.14.4 Heat
2.14.5 Unit of Heat
2.14.6 Specific Heat
2.15 Heat Capacity
 
2.15.1 Sensible Heat
2.15.2 Quantity of Heat
2.15.3 Phase Change
2.16 Latent Heat of Fusion
2.17 Latent Heat of Vaporisation
 
2.17.1 Latent Heat
2.17.2 Super Heat
2.18 Humidity
 
2.18.1 Specific Humidity
2.18.2 Humidity Factor
2.18.3 Relative Humidity (RH)
2.19 Dew Point
 
2.19.1 Dry Bulb Temperature
2.19.2 Wet Bulb Temperature
2.19.3 Dew Point Temperature
2.20 Fuel Density
 
2.20.1 Specific Gravity of Fuel
2.21 Viscosity
 
2.21.1 Dynamic Viscosity
2.21.2 Kinematic Viscosity
2.22 Dimensionless Numbers
2.23 Flow Patterns
2.24 Calorific Value
2.25 Heat Transfer
2.26 Evaporation
2.27 Condensation
2.28 Steam
 
2.28.1 How to Read a SteamTable
2.29 The First Law of Thermodynamics
2.30 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.31 Law of Conservation of Matter
2.32 Units and Conversions
 
2.32.1 Energy Units
2.33 Pressure
2.34 Power
2.35 Prefixes for Units in the International System
2.36 Energy
2.37 Mass
2.38 Volume
 
Chapter III
Energy Management and Audit
3.1 Why Energy Matters
3.2 Definition and Objectives of Energy Management
3.3 Principles of Energy Management
3.4 Energy Management Skills
3.5 Energy Management Strategy
3.6 Energy Policy Example
 
3.6.1 Glaxo SmithKline
3.6.2 Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd - Energy Policy
3.6.3 GACL
3.7 Energy Audit: Types And Methodology
 
3.7.1 Need for Energy Audit
3.7.2 Type of Energy Audit
3.7.3 Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
3.7.4 Detailed Energy Audit Methodology
3.7.5 A Guide for Conducting Energy Audit at a Glance
3.7.6 Phase I:Pre-Audit Phase Activities
3.7.7 Initial Site Visit and Preparation Required for Detailed Auditing
3.7.8 Phase II: Detailed Energy Audit Activities
3.7.9 Data Collection Hints
3.8 Do Not Estimate When You Can Calculate Do Not Calculate When You Can Measure
 
3.8.1 Draw Process Flow Diagramand List Process Steps; Identify Waste Streams and Obvious Energy Wastage
3.9 Identification of Energy Conservation Opportunities
3.10 Fuel Substitution
3.11 Energy Generation
3.12 Energy Distribution
3.13 Energy Usage by Processes
3.14 Technical and Economic Feasibility
3.15 Classification of Energy Conservation Measures
 
1.28.1 Examples of Small Kaizen
3.16 Energy Audit Reporting Format
3.17 Understanding Energy Costs
 
1.28.1 Fuel Costs
  Power Costs
3.18 Benchmarking and Energy Performance
 
1.28.1 Benchmarking Energy Performance Permits
3.19 Plant Energy Performance
3.20 Production Factor
3.21 Reference Year Equivalent Energy Use
3.22 Monthly Energy Performance
3.23 Matching Energy Usage to Requirement
3.24 Maximising SystemEfficiency
3.25 Optimising Input Energy Requirements
3.26 Fuel and Energy Substitution
 
1.28.1 Fuel Substitution
  Few Examples of Fuel Substitution
  Few Examples of Energy Substitution
3.27 Maintaining the High Power Factor
 
1.28.1 Automatic Power Factor Controllers for Reduction in Maximum Demand
  Replaced Energy Inefficient Water Feed Pump with Energy Efficient Pump in Low Pressure Boilers.
  Provided the Air Pre-heater in Low Pressure Boilers
  Energy Alert Systemfor Air Compressors
3.28 Innovative Technique: Wealth fromWaste.
3.29 Installation of Lower Capacity Pumps at ETP
3.30 Lowering of Lighting Systemat Piston Machine Shop
3.31 Energy Savers for Plant Lighting
3.32 Auto Covers for Holding Furnaces
3.33 Energy Audit Instruments
 
1.28.1 Key Instruments for Energy Audit
3.34 Internal Energy Audit
 
1.28.1 Internal Energy Audit
  Duties of the Internal Energy Auditor
  How Energy Conservation Can Be Done
3.35 Electrical Energy
3.36 Energy Audit
 
1.28.1 Fixed Energy Cost
  Variable Energy Cost
3.37 Electrical Substation
 
1.28.1 Normal No-Load and Full Load Loss of Transformers
  Prime Movers
  Minimum Efficiency Of Motors
  Prime Movers
  Electrical Distribution
  Illumination
  Illumination
  Ventilation
3.38 Compressed Air
 
1.28.1 KWRequirement of Compressors
  How to Test Compressor Capacity
  How to Test Leaks
3.39 Oil Heaters and Boilers
 
1.28.1 Insulation
  Instrumentation
3.40 Energy Conservation
3.41 Heat Recovery
 
Chapter IV
Material and Energy Balance
4.1 Introduction to Material and Energy Balance
4.2 The Sanky Diagramand its Use
4.3 Material and Energy Balance of a Process Plant
4.4 Method for Preparing a Process Flow Chart
4.5 Facility as an Energy System
 
4.5.1 Cooling Tower and Cooling Water Supply System
4.5.2 Compressed Air System
4.6 Carrying out Material and Energy (Mand E) Balance
 
4.6.1 Guidelines for M&E Balance
4.6.2 Energy and Mass Balance Calculation Procedure
4.6.3 Case Study
4.7 Types of Process Situations
 
4.7.1 Drying
4.8 Energy Balances
 
 
 
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