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Fluid Handling

Chapter I

Newtonian Fluid

1.1

Fluid Types

1.1.1	Newtonian
1.1.2	Non-Newtonian
1.1.3	Flow of Fluids through Pipes

1.2

PressureDrop(Loss)

1.2.1	Calculation for Incompressible Fluids (Liquids)
1.2.2	Compressible Fluid ( Vapour, Gas)
1.2.3	Equivalent Length
1.2.4	Determining Pipe Size for Specified Pressure Drop and Flow Rate Preset Value of Operation and Maintenance
1.2.5	Predicting Pressure Drop in Piping

Summing Up

Self-assessment

Chapter II

Pipeline Sizing Content

2.1

Introduction

2.2

Classification of Pipeline

1.8.1

Pipeline Sizing

2.3

Economic Velocity for Different Piping System 2.3.1 Liquid Flow under Gravity

2.3.1	Hot Liquid Flow
2.3.2	Bypass Line for Equipment/Instrument
2.3.3	Sample Line
2.3.4	Cooling Water Circulation

Summing up

Self-assessment

Chapter III

Non - Newtonian Fluids Contents

3.1

Introduction

3.2

Classification of Non - Newtonian Fluids

3.2.1	Time Independent Fluids
3.2.2	Time Dependent Fluids
3.2.3	Elastico Viscous Fluid

3.3

Mathematical Model to Express Non Newtonian Behaviour

3.4

Laminar Flow

3.5

Numerical Example

Self-assessment

References

Chapter IV

Fluid Flow Theory and Practices Contents

4.1

Introduction

4.2

Schedule Number

4.3

Tubing and Other Flow Conduits

4.4

Velocity Constraints

4.5

Gravity Flow

4.6

Viscosity

4.7

Viscosity Classifications

4.8

Types of Fluids

4.8.1	Newtonian Fluids
4.8.2	Bingham Plastic Fluids
4.8.3	Dilatant Fluids
4.8.4	Pseudoplastic Fluids
4.8.5	Thixotropic Fluids
4.8.6	Rheopectic Fluids

4.9

Reynolds Number

4.10

Velocity Head

4.11

Friction Factors

4.12

Roughness ( e )

4.13

Laminar Flow Friction

4.14

The Rule of Fours for Pressure Drop

4.15

Valve Coefficient Cv

4.16

Compressible Fluids

4.17

Steps in Line Sizing

4.18

Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids DP (CGS System)

4.19

Economic Velocity for Line Sizing

4.20

Numericals

Self-assessment

Case Study

References

Chapter V

Two Phase Flows and Practice Contents

5.1

Introduction

5.2

Two-phase Flow Capabilities

5.3

Two-phase Mixture Capabilities

5.4

Types of Two-phase Flow

5.4.1	Focus
5.4.2	Gas Liquid System
5.4.3	Dilatant Fluids
5.4.4	Pseudoplastic Fluids
5.4.5	Thixotropic Fluids
5.4.6	Rheopectic Fluids

5.5

Two-phase Flow Regimes and Characteristic Linear Velocity

5.5.1	Dispersed Flow
5.5.2	Annular Flow
5.5.3	Stratified Flow
5.5.4	Slug Flow
5.5.5	Plug Flow
5.5.6	Bubble or Froth Flow

5.6

Two-phase Flow Type

5.6.1

Flow Regimes

5.7

Baker Plot For a Two-phase Flow Regime Correlation

5.8

Pressure Drop Calculation for Gas-Liquid Systems

5.9

Mitigating Erosion

5.10

Numericals

Self-assessment

References

Chapter VI

Pipe Line Networks

6.1

Introduction

6.2

Network Analysis

6.2.1	Principles of Network Analysis
6.2.2	Head Balancing
6.2.3	Quantity Balancing
6.2.4	The Calculation Procedure Based on Equation (C)

6.3

Equivalent Length (Le)

6.4

Restriction Orifice

6.5

Colour Coding of Pipelines

6.5.1	Colour Coding to Pipelines (Ground Colour & Colour Bands)
6.5.2	Colour Bands
6.5.3	Typical Practices Followed for Provision of Ground Colour and Colour Bands on the Pipe Lines

6.6

Restriction Orifice Sizing

6.6.1	How the Meters Work
6.6.2	Orifice Choices
6.6.3	Concentric
6.6.4	Annular
6.6.5	Integral

6.7

Types of Pressure Taps

6.7.1	Corner Taps
6.7.2	Radius Taps
6.7.3	Pipe Taps
6.7.4	Flange Taps
6.7.5	Vena Contracta Taps

6.8

Orifice Selection Guidelines

6.9

Figuring Flow Rate

6.10

Critical Flow

6.10.1

Computer Programme

6.11

Restriction Orifices to Maintain Required Flow Rates

6.11.1	Maintaining Minimum Flow in Pumps
6.11.2	Safely Operating Critical Processes
6.11.3	Assuring Proper Filtration
6.11.4	Maintaining Pump Flow for Multiple Applications
6.11.5	Providing Adequate Agitation Air Distribution in Tanks

Self-assessment

References

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